Proportionality limits to the duty to preserve.
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May 31, 2026
Published by Michael Berman at May 31, 2026
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Courts do not lightly issue preservation orders. A request for a preservation order was denied in In Re Zeta Global Data Privacy Litigation, 2026 WL 1283618 (S.D.N.Y. May 11, 2026). Frequently, movants apply an incorrect preliminary injunction standard: A Request for a Preservation Order Was Denied: Preliminary Injunction Standard Was Not Applied […]
February 27, 2026
Published by Michael Berman at February 27, 2026
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What happens when improper boilerplate objections meet improper discovery requests? Generally, boilerplate objections are deemed to constitute a waiver of objections. However, a court held that it would be inequitable to find waiver “ because so many of Plaintiffs’ requests are sufficiently premature, overly broad, unduly burdensome, and/or disproportionate given Arch’s third-party […]
December 21, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at December 21, 2025
I posted 237 blogs this year to date. Many are on EDRM or JD Supra. Some that may be worth reading are: An “ESI Protocol” is Not a Rule 26(f) “Discovery Plan” What is the Purpose of an ESI Protocol? Court Addresses Seven Key Issues Artificial Intelligence in Maryland Courts “Just When […]
November 22, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at November 22, 2025
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Ms. Blake Lively’s lawsuit against the “Wayfarer Defendants,” including Mr. Justin Baldoni, presents very serious, complex, and novel, discovery and substantive issues. In the court’s words: “This case stems from Lively’s claims of sexual harassment that she was allegedly subjected to during production of the Film [It Ends With Us], and from […]
September 29, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at September 29, 2025
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A motion for sanctions was denied in an alleged misappropriation of trade secrets action by a former employer against departed employees. Lifestyle Realty, LLC v. Kirn, et al., 2025 WL 2719984 (D. Md. Sep. 23, 2025)(Simms, J.). Lifestyle Realty (“DKG”) is a real estate brokerage firm. It sued four individual defendants and […]
April 20, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at April 20, 2025
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Mancia v. Mayflower Textile Servs. Co., 253 F.R.D. 354 (D. Md. 2008), was an early decision on cooperation, boilerplate objections, waiver by failure to object properly, and a court-ordered meet-and-confer. The case was a collective action under the Fair Labor Standards Act and Maryland wage and overtime law. The Court outlined a […]
April 17, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at April 17, 2025
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Marens v. Carrabba’s Italian Grill, Inc., 196 F.R.D. 35 (D. Md. 2000), was an employment dispute. Plaintiff filed a motion to compel discovery responses. The Court directed defendant to spend 40 hours searching for responsive information. If the plaintiff wanted more, it could get more; provided that it paid the actual cost […]
October 13, 2024
Published by Michael Berman at October 13, 2024
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“These types of disputes tend to make a court wonder, which of the court’s other cases the requesting party feels deserve to be put on the back burner in favor of theirs.” Dale v. Deutsche Telekom AG, 2024 WL 4416761, at *4 (Oct. 4, 2024). The plaintiff moved to compel use of […]
October 1, 2024
Published by Michael Berman at October 1, 2024
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In Design With Friends, Inc. v. Target Corporation, 2024 WL 433114 (D. Del. Sept. 27, 2024), the court rejected defendant’s effort to discover documents sent by plaintiff to a litigation funder that permitted the lender to evaluate the value of plaintiff’s claims. The Little Engine That Could | Barnes & Noble® (barnesandnoble.com) […]
September 9, 2024
Published by Michael Berman at September 9, 2024
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Thanks to Sidley Austin for publishing a blog on Ravin Crossbows, LLC v. Hunter’s Manufacturing Company, Inc., 2024 WL 3253265 (E.D. Ohio July 1, 2024), August’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery | Insights | Sidley Austin LLP (Aug. 21, 2024) and August’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery – EDRM. In […]
September 4, 2024
Published by Michael Berman at September 4, 2024
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Khan v. County of Cook, 2024 WL 3984263 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 29, 2024), rejected “oceanic” discovery requests, while permitting reasonable ones. In Khan, the hospital for the Cook County jail had terminated a dentist, alleging malfeasance. The dentist disputed the allegation, claimed racial bias was the cause, and sued. The court wrote: […]
July 6, 2024
Published by Michael Berman at July 6, 2024
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In a 2021 blog, I wrote that Requests for “Any and All” Documents Are Obsolete. That blog suggests alternative approaches. Recently, in Nelson v. I.Q. Data International, Inc., 2024 WL 2963790 (E.D. Mich. June 12, 2024), the court wrote: Courts have long condemned omnibus “any and all” document requests. See Cheney v. […]
January 11, 2024
Published by Michael Berman at January 11, 2024
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One of the primary arguments against incorporating an “ESI Protocol” into a court order is that doing so may be the first step down the road to sanctions.[1] A COURT-ORDERED ESI PROTOCOL MAY BE CARVED IN STONE That fear of sanctions may be well-founded. For example, in her excellent 2023 ESI Protocol […]
December 29, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at December 29, 2023
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I posted 104 items this year. Several that may be worth re-reading are: How to Read a Load File More on “Modern Attachments,” “Pointers,” or Hyperlinked Documents – Humpty Dumpty and “Usability” Possession, Custody, or Control – Part II Don’t Be Too Nice When You Send a Preservation Notice Relevance Redactions Revisited […]
April 28, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at April 28, 2023
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When it comes to electronically stored information, Tom O’Connor is a national treasure. He has a wealth of litigation-related ESI experience, helped run the prestigious Georgetown E-Discovery Academy, lectures on recent cases and developments in the law, has published several books and blogs, and is a consultant. He has generously shared his […]
April 10, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at April 10, 2023
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Fowler v. Tenth Planet, Inc., 2023 WL 2691576 (D. Md. Mar. 29, 2023)(Coulson, J.), is an important and thoughtful decision demonstrating the peril of preservation in place. In Fowler, the plaintiff left his cell phone in an unlocked car. It was stolen after the duty to preserve had been triggered. It contained […]
December 16, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at December 16, 2022
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The Sedona Conference recently published a public comment version of its “Primer on Managing Electronic Discovery in Small Cases” (Dec. 2022). There has long been an interest in low-cost technology. For example, two decades ago, I wrote “Low Cost Litigation Technology” (Md. Bar Journal Nov./Dec. 2000). Similarly, Craig Ball has blogged about […]
November 11, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at November 11, 2022
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In Advanced Magnesium Alloys Corp. v. Dery, 2022 WL 3139391 (S.D. Ind. Aug. 5, 2022), defendant, Alliance, agreed to search 159 terms. However, when it produced the text messages “hitting” those terms, plaintiff found the texts to be cryptic and asked for more texts to provide context. Alliance said – in my […]
August 15, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at August 15, 2022
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Several Fourth Circuit, District of Maryland, and Maryland intermediate appellate decisions stand for the proposition that, where a potential litigant is unable to comply with the duty to preserve potentially responsive information, the potential litigant has a duty to notify the anticipated opponent before the information goes missing. For example: I have […]
July 15, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at July 15, 2022
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In Guzman v. KP StoneyMill, Inc., 2022 WL 1748308 (D. Md. May 31, 2022)(Quereshi, J.), a single plaintiff sued his employer for alleged FLSA violations. The Court addressed a number of discovery issues.[1] The case provides a textbook example of the use of phased discovery to achieve proportionality. Plaintiff had worked for the defendants […]
July 12, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at July 12, 2022
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“Prosecutors struggling to pore through mushrooming amounts of electronic data they uncover during corporate crime investigations are beginning to hear counterintuitive advice from the Justice Department: Collect less evidence. The nascent strategy of selectively seizing fewer computers, cell phones, and hard drives coincides with an exponential growth of available e-data. It comes […]
June 2, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at June 2, 2022
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As described in the initial blog in this series, the “ESI Amendments” to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure went into effect in December 2006. And, as Judge Facciola explained “[I]t is startling how small the changes to the 2006 rules really are. Anyone looking for a revolution in civil procedure will […]
June 1, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at June 1, 2022
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Lorraine v. Markel Am. Ins. Co., 241 F.R.D. 534 (D. Md. 2007), fills 67 pages on Westlaw. In the Complaint, the plaintiff sought $36,000 plus interest, attorneys’ fees, and costs.[1] The Counterclaim sought to enforce a $14,100 arbitration award.[2] The decision is a treatise on admissibility of ESI, stating: Although cases abound […]
May 31, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at May 31, 2022
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Like many of its other publications, The Sedona Conference’s “Cooperation Proclamation” was an inflection point. The Cooperation Proclamation was published by The Sedona Conference in 2008.[1] It was followed by a number of publications, endorsed by Mancia v. Mayflower Textile Services. Co., 253 F.R.D. 354 (D. Md. Oct. 15, 2008), and by […]
May 30, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at May 30, 2022
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It would be difficult to overstate the significance of The Sedona Conference and the EDRM in shaping the contours of ESI in civil litigation. Kenneth J. Withers is the Deputy Executive Director of The Sedona Conference. In “The Sedona Conference and Its Impact on E-Discovery,” Chap. 35 in M. Berman, et al., eds., […]
April 21, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at April 21, 2022
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Philip J. Favro, Esq., has edited the just-published “Selected eDiscovery and ESI Case Law from 2021-22” (The Sedona Conference 2022). This is an excellent resource in an always-changing field. Phil’s work runs the gamut of topics, including cooperation, ephemeral messaging, ESI protocols, ethics, Fed.R.Evid. 502(d), privilege logging, redactions, litigation holds, social media, […]
February 17, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at February 17, 2022
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Mike Hamilton’s blog, “Defendant Ordered to Produce 30,000 Slack Messages” (Exterro Feb. 7, 2022), provides an excellent description of Benebone LLC v. Pet Qwerks, Inc., 2021 WL 831025 (C.D. Cal. Feb. 18, 2021). The blog correctly points out that, as to discovery of Slack messages, “proportionality was the key issue.” Benebone is […]
November 18, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at November 18, 2021
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In a lawsuit seeking emotional distress damages arising out of events following the January 26, 2020, death of Kobe Bryant and his daughter, the court held that some of his widow’s more recent therapy records were relevant and discoverable. However, the cost of discovery of older records was held to be disproportionate, […]
August 10, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at August 10, 2021
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Many social media programs provide their members with a non-forensic download tool. For example, Google Takeout, Uber, Twitter, and LinkedIn provide download instructions. See C. Ball, “Preserving Social Media Content: DIY (Dec. 24, 2019). However, those tools may not provide the same information that a forensic download collects. In Allen v. PPE […]
August 8, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at August 8, 2021
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In Allen v. PPE Casino Resorts Maryland, LLC, __ F.Supp.3d __, 2021 WL 2434404 (D. Md. Jun. 14, 2021), and Gaske v. Crabcake Factory Seafood House, LLC, 2021 WL 3188007 (D. Md. Jul. 28, 2021), the Honorable J. Mark Coulson described the principles governing discovery of social media. Both decisions involved employment […]
August 3, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at August 3, 2021
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In Maker’s Mark Distiller, Inc. v. Spalding Grp., Inc., 2021 WL 2018880 (W.D. Ky. Apr. 20, 2021), the court addressed self-collection. I have previously written on self-collection in “Unsupervised Self-Collection Predictably Led to Problems,” and in “Self-Identification and Self-Preservation: A Fool for a Client?,” I cited to R. Losey, “Another “Fox Guarding […]
July 27, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at July 27, 2021
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Weidman v. Ford Motor Co., 2021 WL 2349400 (E.D. Mich. Jun. 9, 2021), involved a suit for alleged brake defects. Near the end of discovery, plaintiff moved to compel further searches by Ford. The motion was denied. The Weidman court provided a comprehensive discussion of the December 2015 amendments to the Federal […]
February 4, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at February 4, 2021
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In the ancient year of 2009, Gil Greenman and James Weingarten, of Williams & Connolly LLP, wrote “Beware the Use of Absolute Language Regarding Electronically Stored Information,” 9 Digital Discovery and e-Evidence 11 (BNA Nov. 1, 2009). Their thesis was simple and correct: “All,” “any,” and “every” are dangerous words when describing […]
January 29, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at January 29, 2021
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After litigation starts, a business faced with unreasonable preservation or discovery demands can resort to the court’s procedural rules to request relief from a judge. However, the duty to preserve potentially responsive information often arises in a “free for all” zone before litigation is commenced. In that situation, there is no umpire […]
January 9, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at January 9, 2021
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An unreported decision of the intermediate appellate court provides an interesting contrast to Steamfitters Local Union No. 602 v. Erie Insurance Exchange, 469 Md. 704 (2020), which is discussed in a prior blog. In Benson v. ALDI, Inc., 2019 WL 5704532 (Md. Ct. Spl. Apls. Nov. 5, 2019), summary judgment was affirmed […]
January 8, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at January 8, 2021
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“I just delete. I delete – delete. Anything there that I don’t want, don’t need anymore, I delete.” Peterson v. Evapco, Inc., 238 Md. App. 1, 21 (2018). That is an invitation to disaster. Steamfitters Local Union No. 602 v. Erie Insurance Exchange, 469 Md. 704 (2020), involved spoliation in the context […]
December 11, 2020
Published by Michael Berman at December 11, 2020
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In Equal Employment Opportunity Comm’n. v. MVM, Inc., 2020 WL 6482193 (D. Md. Nov. 2, 2020), the Court again followed a “practical ability” plus notification standard for determining when ESI is within a party’s possession, custody, or control, and what should be done if it is not. Maryland State courts appear to […]
May 12, 2020
Published by Michael Berman at May 12, 2020
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I am pleased to announce the publication by the Maryland State Bar Association of M. Berman, et al., eds., ELECTRONICALLY STORED INFORMATION IN THE MARYLAND COURTS (2020). This book is intended as a practitioner’s handbook addressing primarily – but not exclusively – how ESI is addressed in Maryland State courts, comparing and […]
July 25, 2015
Published by Michael Berman at July 25, 2015
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My article, “The Duty to Preserve ESI (Its Trigger, Scope, and Limit) & the Spoliation Doctrine in Maryland State Courts” was recently published in the University of Baltimore Law Forum, Vol. 45 (2015). The article discusses Maryland case law addressing the issue, suggests a modern analytical framework, and concludes with a cautionary […]
July 30, 2011
Published by Michael Berman at July 30, 2011
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The American Bar Association has published M. Berman, C. Barton, and P. Grimm, eds., Managing E-Discovery and ESI: From Pre-Litigation Through Trial. The 761-page work features chapters by The Hon. Paul W. Grimm (D.Md.), The Hon. John M. Facciola (D.D.C.), The Hon. James C. Francis IV (S.D.N.Y.), and The Hon. Joseph F. […]
June 30, 2011
Published by Michael Berman at June 30, 2011
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Government litigants have an enormous impact on civil litigation. Because the United States is the most frequent and successful litigant in the federal courts, the federal government as a litigant plays “a central role in the development of law and policy in the United States courts.” G. Sisk, Litigation with the Federal […]
May 26, 2011
Published by Michael Berman at May 26, 2011
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“Self-preservation” is the ESI equivalent of “do-it-yourself” home repair. If successful, it can save money. If not, it can lead to bigger problems. Recent decisions arising out of self-preservation disasters have posed the question of whether it is ever a viable technique to preserve and review ESI. A well-known commentator and The […]