Forensic issues with ESI.
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June 2, 2026
Published by Michael Berman at June 2, 2026
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Adams v. Anderson, 2026 WL 1501021 (Ct. Apls. Ky. May 29, 2026)(unpublished), was an unsuccessful appeal from a holding of criminal contempt with a sentence of 45 days incarceration. It arose out of a divorce action. Ms. Adams and Mr. Anderson were parents of two minors. The family law court held a […]
May 10, 2026
Published by Michael Berman at May 10, 2026
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I recently posted a blog about cell phone imaging, discussing Madrigal v. Live Nation Entertainment, Inc., 2026 WL 1196245 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 24, 2026). See Motion to Compel Forensic Image of Cell Phone: Granted in Part; Denied in Part (May 7, 2026). In Rubesne Resources LLC v. ACE Property and Cas. Ins. Co,. […]
March 23, 2026
Published by Michael Berman at March 23, 2026
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In Burnley v. Valentin, 2026 WL 767145 (E.D. Va. Mar. 18, 2026), the proponent of an audio recording survived a challenge that it was a deepfake. Burnley involved two motions to enforce settlement agreements. Mr. Burnley had made harassment claims against his neighbors and the police. The settlement agreements were memorialized in […]
March 8, 2026
Published by Michael Berman at March 8, 2026
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California enacted an “Artificial Intelligence Training Data Transparency” statute. Cal. Civ. Code §3111. It “requires developers of ‘a generative artificial intelligence system or service’ that is ‘publicly available to Californians for use’ to ‘post on the developer’s internet website documentation regarding the data used by the developer to train the generative artificial […]
December 5, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at December 5, 2025
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The decision in Legault v. Costco Wholesale Corporation, 2025 WL 3252653 (E.D. Ark. Nov. 21, 2025), is succinct in its discussion of the production of native files. The court wrote: “Legault’s motion to compel Costco to provide him with native files and metadata is denied because Costco states the files are security […]
November 1, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at November 1, 2025
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Dylan Segelbaum and Kristen Griffith report that Ex-Pikesville principal settles with BCPS [Baltimore County Public Schools] after racist AI impersonation – The Baltimore Banner (Oct. 31, 2025). The article states: “A settlement has been reached in a lawsuit that the former principal of Pikesville High School filed against Baltimore County Public Schools […]
October 5, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at October 5, 2025
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Deamonte Spencer was convicted of murder and handgun charges. Among the evidentiary errors alleged on appeal was a challenge to authentication of printouts of profiles of Instagram pages. The Appellate Court of Maryland rejected the challenges and affirmed. Spencer v. State, 2025 WL 2741459 (Apl. Ct. Md. Sep. 26, 2025)(unreported). A local […]
September 29, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at September 29, 2025
In In Re Tecfidera Antitrust Litigation, 2025 WL 2734539 (N.D. Ill. Sep. 25, 2025), the court wrote: “The parties’ cross motions for entry of their version of the ESI protocol noted that the parties agreed on all issues except for one relating to email threading, which Defendant seeks to include but Plaintiffs […]
September 10, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at September 10, 2025
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Much of the litigation over geofencing has been under the Fourth Amendment in criminal cases, and there has been a lot of it. See, e.g., Certiorari Petition to U.S. Supreme Court in 4th Circuit Geofence Decision – E-Discovery LLC (Aug. 5, 2025); Alvarez v. State, 2025 WL 2346165, at *4 (Tex. App. […]
September 1, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at September 1, 2025
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“Keyword warrants” are search warrants “which force search engines to provide personal information on anyone who may have inputted certain terms….” C. Edano, “Beware What You Google: Fourth Amendment Constitutionality of Keyword Warrants,” 97 Wash.L.Rev. 977, 978 (2022): In October 2020, the Denver Police Department hit a wall. The Department was investigating […]
August 7, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at August 7, 2025
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The federal court in Delaware has a “Default Standard for Discovery, Including Discovery of Electronically Stored Information.” Belvac Production Machinery, Inc. v. Adonis Acquisition Holdings LLC, 2025 WL 2146099 (D. Del. Jul. 29, 2025). It applied that standard to a request to preserve information in Random Access Memory (“RAM”). Belvac sought preservation […]
July 24, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at July 24, 2025
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A motion for a forensic examination was granted in PlayUp, Inc. v. Mintas, 2025 WL 2017161 (D. Nev. Jul. 18, 2025). On movant’s third try, the court found that the opponent was trying to “gaslight” the court and it granted the motion. While the producing party’s failures were epic, the thoughtful discussion […]
June 25, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at June 25, 2025
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In HET MCPS, LLC v. AutoFlex, Inc., 2025 WL 1615459 (D. Md. June 6, 2025), plaintiffs alleged that defendants interfered with plaintiffs’ contract and customer relationships. In this opinion, the Court addressed, among others, plaintiffs’ motion for forensic imaging. “Plaintiffs contend that Defendants have failed to comply with their discovery obligations and […]
June 17, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at June 17, 2025
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In Heym v. APG Housing, LLC, 2025 WL 1661414 (D. Md. June 11, 2025)(Coulson, J.), the Court applied its Principles for the Discovery of Electronically Stored Information in Civil Cases (“ESI Principles”) to order that a discovering party narrow its request for metadata. THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND’S “ESI PRINCIPLES” The development of […]
June 12, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at June 12, 2025
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How Secret Service agents caught a child sex abuser distributing CSAM – The Washington Post (Jun.11, 2025), by Yudhijit Bhattacharjee is a fascinating and disturbing description of the use of electronically stored information, by dedicated law enforcement officers, to find, apprehend, and bring to justice a person who distributed child sex abuse […]
May 14, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at May 14, 2025
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We the Protestors, Inc. v. Sinyangwe, 348 F.R.D. 175 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 18, 2024), makes several important points about the relationship between ESI Protocols and redaction of produced documents. The decision begins: Before the Court is a discovery dispute that underscores the importance of counsel fashioning clear and comprehensive agreements when navigating the […]
May 7, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at May 7, 2025
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In U.S. v. Chatrie, __ Fed. 4th __, 2025 WL 1242063 (4th Cir. Apr. 30, 2025)(en banc), the Court issued a per curiam affirmance of the District Court’s geofence decision. Fourteen judges joined in that decision. There were eight concurring opinions and one dissent. [1] Chief Judge Diaz wrote a concurring opinion. […]
February 11, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at February 11, 2025
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In Cooper v. Baltimore Gas and Electric Co., 2025 WL 404246 (D. Md. Feb. 5, 2025)(Coulson, J.), Ms. Cooper sued BG&E and another employer for sexual harassment and discrimination.[1] The Court resolved cross-motions to compel. Both discovery motions were granted in part and denied in part. The decision reflects the fact-specific nature […]
January 28, 2025
Published by Michael Berman at January 28, 2025
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In Rivera v. Costco Wholesale Corporation, 2025 WL 295667 (D. P. R. Jan. 24, 2025), the court imposed sanctions on a pro se litigant who, in the court’s words, “has engaged in unseemly behavior towards counsel as well as improper discovery litigation.” In part, Mr. Rivera filed a motion to “To obtain […]
August 31, 2024
Published by Michael Berman at August 31, 2024
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Harrod v. State, 261 Md. App. 499 (2024), addressed introduction of a “composite” video as summary evidence and the use of police officers’ testimony describing it. An innocent bystander was fatally shot while she was with her husband on a hotel patio in Annapolis. They had come from Texas to drop off […]
August 6, 2024
Published by Michael Berman at August 6, 2024
In Tremblay v. OpenAI, Inc., 2024 WL 3638421 (N.D. Cal. July 31, 2024), the court resolved two disputes over an ESI Protocol, writing: “As to the first category of disagreement, the Parties have found themselves at an impasse as to the proper number of document custodians to be set forth in the […]
June 28, 2024
Published by Michael Berman at June 28, 2024
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County police officers were investigating a theft of farm equipment. They applied for a “geofence warrant” to be served on Google: “A geofence warrant authorizes the seizure of location data collected from smartphones of individuals within a particular area over a specified range of time.” United States v. Rhine, 652 F. Supp. […]
January 19, 2024
Published by Michael Berman at January 19, 2024
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“Self-collection” is often viewed as prohibited. Abraham Maslow said that: “I suppose it is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail.” This blog addresses a methodology designed by Ralph Losey, Esq., through which self-collection may be defensible. At bottom, Ralph[1] […]
December 29, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at December 29, 2023
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I posted 104 items this year. Several that may be worth re-reading are: How to Read a Load File More on “Modern Attachments,” “Pointers,” or Hyperlinked Documents – Humpty Dumpty and “Usability” Possession, Custody, or Control – Part II Don’t Be Too Nice When You Send a Preservation Notice Relevance Redactions Revisited […]
December 16, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at December 16, 2023
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One role of an attorney handling ESI is to function as a translator between computer scientists and forensic experts, on the one hand, and laypersons, such as clients and Judges, on the other. When you look at a “load file” it can be intimidating. Figure 1 is the .dat part of a […]
December 13, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at December 13, 2023
Modern attachments have garnered a lot of attention. See, e.g., More on “Modern Attachments,” “Pointers,” or Hyperlinked Documents – Humpty Dumpty and “Usability”. and T. Thames, Modern attachments and eDiscovery: Navigating the complexities of linked documents (onna.com) Most of that attention has been focused on what I call the “Humpty Dumpty” issue – – when […]
December 1, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at December 1, 2023
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Lexbe Inc. (“Lexbe”) posted an informative discussion of de-duplication on LinkedIn. A link to Lexbe’s post is pasted at the foot of this blog. Lexbe’s blog explains that there are two types of de-duplication and: “Here are the differences between them: 𝐆𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥: Duplicates are identified and suppressed across the entire dataset (i.e., all […]
November 15, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at November 15, 2023
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Maryland’s Standing Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure (“Rules Committee”) has published an agenda that includes consideration of amendments to Maryland Rule 5-702 (testimony by experts). Two recent developments are the genesis of the proposal. “First, the Federal Rules Committee has recently made changes to Rule 702, the federal equivalent to […]
November 13, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at November 13, 2023
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I have written several blogs about “modern attachments,” a/k/a “pointers or “hyperlinks.”[1] So, I was interested to read Pursuit Credit Special Opportunity Fund, L.P. v. Krunchcash, LLC, 2023 WL 6465017 (Sup. Ct. N.Y. Co. Oct. 4, 2023)(unreported)(Cohen, J.), which cited several hyperlink cases that I was not aware of. One “modern attachment” […]
July 12, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at July 12, 2023
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In State v. [Defendant], __ Md. __, 2023 WL 4393297, at *1 (July 7, 2023), the Supreme Court of Maryland held that a person who had consented to seizure of his laptop, as well as to creation of a mirror image, could withdraw consent to search it before the government examined the […]
May 23, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at May 23, 2023
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In Fowler v. Tenth Planet, Inc., 2023 WL 2691576 (D. Md. Mar. 29, 2023)(Coulson, J.)(“Fowler I”), the Magistrate Judge wrote that preservation of a cell phone “in place” may be acceptable in some instances, but made clear that it is risky. Plaintiff had not backed up his cell phone. He left it […]
May 13, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at May 13, 2023
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This is a thank you to Kevin Spargo, Vice President of Computer Services Limited, and Navid Raoofian, President, Web interactive Technologies. My wife and I sponsored a Ukrainian family whose home and business were bombed and destroyed in Bakhmut. They arrived here about a week ago under a U.S. government program. I […]
April 10, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at April 10, 2023
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Fowler v. Tenth Planet, Inc., 2023 WL 2691576 (D. Md. Mar. 29, 2023)(Coulson, J.), is an important and thoughtful decision demonstrating the peril of preservation in place. In Fowler, the plaintiff left his cell phone in an unlocked car. It was stolen after the duty to preserve had been triggered. It contained […]
April 8, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at April 8, 2023
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In CSAA Affinity Insurance Company v. The Scott Fetzer Company, 2023 WL 2714026 (D. Md. Mar. 30, 2023), a subrogated insurer sued the manufacturer of a sump pump, alleging that the pump was defective and started a house fire. The defendant-manufacturer asserted spoliation, and it moved for sanctions. However, defendant’s motion for […]
March 18, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at March 18, 2023
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Hur v. Lloyd & Williams, LLC, 523 P.3d 861 (Wash. App. Div. 3 2023), presents another in a long list of redaction errors.[1] Two significant errors occurred in the contract dispute action. Defense counsel “inadvertently disclosed information subject to a claim of privilege when it sent electronic discovery responses to opposing counsel […]
March 15, 2023
Published by Michael Berman at March 15, 2023
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In Gunter v. Alutiiq Advanced Security Systems, LLC, 2023 WL 2330707 (D. Md. Mar. 2, 2023)(Rubin, J.), the Court relied in part on Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(b) to dismiss a litigant’s lawsuit for failure to comply with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The case involved egregious[1] misconduct that included fraud on the Court, […]
December 16, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at December 16, 2022
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The Sedona Conference recently published a public comment version of its “Primer on Managing Electronic Discovery in Small Cases” (Dec. 2022). There has long been an interest in low-cost technology. For example, two decades ago, I wrote “Low Cost Litigation Technology” (Md. Bar Journal Nov./Dec. 2000). Similarly, Craig Ball has blogged about […]
November 14, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at November 14, 2022
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The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution makes a big difference. This is illustrated by two recent Maryland appellate decisions – – one civil, the other criminal – – regarding discovery from cell phones. Cf. Richardson v. State, 481 Md. 423 (2022)(criminal), with St. Francis Academy, et al. v. Gilman School, Inc., […]
August 12, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at August 12, 2022
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I have written a series of blogs on What is a Document? (Part III), What is a Document? (Part II), and What is a “Document?” In those blogs, I pointed to issues that may be presented by, for example, text bubbles, spreadsheet cells, Excel workbooks with multiple worksheets, PDF Portfolios, and […]
July 17, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at July 17, 2022
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In State v. Galicia, __ Md. __, 2022 WL 2301437, at *1 (June 27, 2022), the Court of Appeals held that expert testimony was not required to show that a user can disable location tracking on a smartphone. Two teenagers were shot by four men in June 2017. Mr. Galicia was convicted […]
June 25, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at June 25, 2022
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Two people were murdered. It was late at night in an area of known drug deals. There were witnesses, but many had consumed legal or illegal substances and others were inconsistent. There was video, but not of the shooting. The Court called it “incomplete.” An FBI analyst testified to a photogrammetric analysis […]
June 1, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at June 1, 2022
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Lorraine v. Markel Am. Ins. Co., 241 F.R.D. 534 (D. Md. 2007), fills 67 pages on Westlaw. In the Complaint, the plaintiff sought $36,000 plus interest, attorneys’ fees, and costs.[1] The Counterclaim sought to enforce a $14,100 arbitration award.[2] The decision is a treatise on admissibility of ESI, stating: Although cases abound […]
April 28, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at April 28, 2022
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Metadata has been embraced, loved, cursed, and vilified. It has been written about in inconsistent ethics opinions about “mining.” Failure to preserve or produce it has led to the imposition of sanctions in litigation. It has been “scrubbed,”[1] sliced, diced, defined, and classified as application or system metadata and system-generated or user-created.[2] […]
April 20, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at April 20, 2022
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In Gunter v. Alutiiq Advanced Security Solutions, LLC, 2022 WL 1139875 (D. Md. Apr. 18, 2022), a pro se plaintiff alleged various employment discrimination claims. After defendant provided forensic testimony, the plaintiff was sanctioned under Rule 41(b), Rule 37(e), Rule 26(g), and the Court’s inherent power, for fabricating and failing to produce […]
March 24, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at March 24, 2022
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In St. Francis Academy, et al. v. Gilman School, Inc., No. 1390 (Md. Ct. Spl. Apls. Mar. 21, 2022) (unreported), the intermediate appellate court affirmed an order directing forensic imaging and searching of non-parties’ cell phones under a strict protocol to protect the cell phone owners’ privacy. It carefully balanced the discovering […]
March 17, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at March 17, 2022
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Earlier this month, the Sedona Conference published its “Commentary on Equitable Remedies in Trade Secret Litigation” (Mar. 2022). The comprehensive Sedona Commentary offers five Principles and 24 Guidelines. Its premise is that: “Obtaining or resisting some form of equitable relief is a key component of many trade secret disputes, both at an […]
February 17, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at February 17, 2022
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Mike Hamilton’s blog, “Defendant Ordered to Produce 30,000 Slack Messages” (Exterro Feb. 7, 2022), provides an excellent description of Benebone LLC v. Pet Qwerks, Inc., 2021 WL 831025 (C.D. Cal. Feb. 18, 2021). The blog correctly points out that, as to discovery of Slack messages, “proportionality was the key issue.” Benebone is […]
February 13, 2022
Published by Michael Berman at February 13, 2022
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In Arconic Corp., et al, v. Novelis Inc., et al., 2022 WL 409488 (W.D. Pa. Feb. 10, 2022), the Court denied a recusal motion that was based on metadata contained in the Court’s order. Specifically, Arconic moved to recuse the Judge based on “author” and “date created” metadata. Arconic asserted that the metadata showed […]
November 28, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at November 28, 2021
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Sanctions were imposed in DG BF LLC v. Ray, No. 2020-0459 (Del. Ch. Nov. 19, 2021).[1] The court dismissed a fraud and retaliation lawsuit for discovery abuse. Among other issues, plaintiff testified that he did not know what a “litigation hold” was, even though defendants sent a preservation demand to him. It […]
March 7, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at March 7, 2021
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Trade secret litigation invariably involves ESI. Craig Ball has written “What’s in a Name (or Hash Value)?,” discussing the use of hash values and file names in tracking down stolen data. In “The Gang That Couldn’t Spoliate Straight,” I discussed an order that the alleged wrongdoer preserve ESI and the potential issues […]
February 14, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at February 14, 2021
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Marc Hirschfeld’s presentation at Legal Week, “Navigating the Pitfalls of E-Discovery for Boutique Litigators,” is well worth watching on Vimeo and Legal Week. Marc is the owner and president of Precision Legal Services. Marc and I have collaborated on many projects. Marc discusses a number of topics in the one-hour video. Among […]
February 12, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at February 12, 2021
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In a February 11, 2021, post, Court Enforces Strict Sanctions For Failing To Be Competent In ESI Obligations | Farrell Fritz, P.C. – JDSupra , the author describes the sanctions decision in In DR Distributors, LLC v. 21 Century Smoking, Inc., a trademark dispute over electronic cigarettes, stating: As noted by Judge Johnson, “[i]t […]
January 24, 2021
Published by Michael Berman at January 24, 2021
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A few years ago, the Hon. Paul W. Grimm wrote: “At the end of the day, this is the case of the ‘gang that couldn’t spoliate straight.’” Victor Stanley, Inc. v. Creative Pipe, Inc., 269 F.R.D. 497, 501 (D. Md. 2010). That description is equally applicable to the conduct that led to a […]
December 28, 2020
Published by Michael Berman at December 28, 2020
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A post in Bloomberg Law, authored by Rebekah Mintzer, describes a “State Attorney Who Sent Threatening Emails to Herself [and Was] Suspended” (June 18, 2020). The article states that the attorney obtained a fictitious email account and sent threatening emails to her official government email address. She then allegedly reported them to […]