“Thomas Jefferson used a pantograph: As he wrote, a wooden device connected to his pen manipulated another pen in precisely the same movements, creating a mechanical copy.” Clive Thompson, How the Photocopier Changed the Way We Worked—and Played | History| Smithsonian Magazine.
The early 20th century saw the a new device[1] and, “[i]n the days before inkjet printers and Xerox machines, multiple copies were made on mimeograph machines.” Mimeograph Machines (museumofprinting.org) A typed stencil was placed on a round drum and cranked by hand to print papers. “Some of our readers will remember producing stencils on typewriters and the aroma and appearance of the purplish mimeo ink.” Id.
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[1] How the Photocopier Changed the Way We Worked—and Played | History| Smithsonian Magazine