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August 11, 2026

It May Be an Abuse of Discretion to Grant Summary Judgment for a Defendant Before Deciding a Plaintiff’s Sanctions Motion

Wayne K. Smith died from injuries sustained in a vehicle collision during a police pursuit. The personal representative filed tort and §1983 claims. The defendants moved for summary judgment. Plaintiff moved for spoliation sanctions alleging destruction of evidence. Smith v. Polk Co., 2026 WL 2280990 (W.D.N. Car. Aug. 7, 2026).  The court […]
July 22, 2026

“Reflecting Pool repairs could undermine case against former Olympian, judge says”

The Washington Post reports that the Olympic canoeist, Mr. David Harn, charged with damaging the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool is alleging spoliation.  Reflecting pool repairs may jeopardize case judge says (Jul. 20, 2026). The news article states: On Thursday, defense attorneys for Hearn filed a motion to dismiss the indictment against him, […]
July 22, 2026

No Routine Depositions of EEOC Investigators

Plaintiff Tracinda Frank sought to depose EEOC Investigator Ian Steele and obtain his interview notes pertaining to an EEOC charge. Ms. Frank had sued the school  district for alleged discrimination.  The EEOC was not a party and it successfully moved to quash the subpoena. Frank v. San Francisco Unified School District, 2026 […]
July 21, 2026

A Deep Dive Into the Pikesville, MD, Racist/Antisemitic Deepfake Audio

Pikesville, Maryland, is a diverse, 12.3 square mile suburban Baltimore community, population 33,524. It was surprising when: [An audio] recording went viral in January [2024], provoking rage in suburban Baltimore. It seemed that Pikesville High School Principal Eric Eiswert had been caught making racist and antisemitic comments. Angry phone calls overwhelmed the […]
July 6, 2026

Reliance on Hallucinated Authorities May Abandon the Issue

Courts facing hallucinated authorities have employed a wide array of sanctions, ranging from referrals to regulatory authorities to determine ethical issues, to striking pleadings, imposing educational requirements, and reprimanding the citing attorney or litigant, among others. A recent concurring opinion came up with an interesting suggestion: An appellate brief containing nonexistent case […]
June 26, 2026

Rules Matter—Second Production Ordered When City Did Not Follow Fed.R.Civ.P. 34

In a breach of contract claim against the City of Salisbury and its Mayor, the Plaintiff sought an order compelling the City to produce certain ESI and metadata. 1 Fitzwater Street, LLC v. Taylor, 2026 WL 1830959 (D. Md. Jun. 25, 2026)(Coulson, J.).  The Court ordered production in native form with metadata, […]
June 24, 2026

It is Improper to Combine Interrogatories and Document Requests

Plaintiff Lute sued alleging that three defendants had sued excessive force.  He served “a Request for Interrogatories rule 33 and Request for Production of Documents rule 34 together….”  Lute v. Silva, 2026 WL 1758381 (E.D. Cal. Jun. 18, 2026).  Asserting untimely and inadequate responses, he moved to compel. Defendants contend that Mr. […]
June 18, 2026

A.I. Protective Order—Again

I have asked Are Protective Orders Limiting Upload to AI of Documents Produced by an Opponent in Discovery Becoming the Standard of Care? (May 26, 2026). Not always. Unicorn Rejects A.I. Protective/Confidentiality Order – Order Entered in Criminal Case  (Jun. 4, 2026). But the naysayers seem to be in the minority. For […]
May 25, 2026

Memorial Day

Died April 14, 1973. Never forgotten
May 15, 2026

Maryland Appellate Court Affirms Sanctions Award for Inappropriate Deposition Conduct

It does not bode well for a litigant when an appellate court cites as precedent that it is sanctionable to refer to opposing counsel as “babe” or a “bimbo.”  But that is the reference made in Ginexi v. Liberty Mountain Race Team, Inc., 2026 WL 1242829 (Appl. Ct. Md. May 6, 2026)(unreported).[1] […]
May 5, 2026

District of Maryland “Hallucination” Decision

Aziz v. U.S., 2026 WL 1132884 (D. Md. Apr. 27, 2026)(Abelson, J.), is of note only because it is in the District of Maryland, where I practice. Plaintiffs “filed an unusually high number of motions in a short amount of time.” The latest flurry worsens a pattern of repeated filings: the Court’s […]
March 29, 2026

Four Factors for Imposing Discovery Sanctions Under Md. Rule 2-433; No Exception for Pro Se Litigant

In Smith v. Morris, 2026 WL 809126 (Appl. Ct. Md. Mar. 24, 2026)(unreported; per curiam),[1] the Court set out the four factors used to apply discovery sanctions under Maryland Rule 2-433.  The sanctioned party was proceeding pro se. Plaintiff, Ms. Smith, sued her aunt, Ms. Morris, alleging torts in connection with a […]
March 1, 2026

A “Practical Control” Decision Rejects the “Legal Right” Standard

I have written of the need for a national uniform definition of “possession, custody, or control.”  Possession, Custody, or Control – Need for a Uniform National Standard – Part II (Feb. 18, 2026).  The two most prominent tests are the “legal right” and the “practical ability” standards.  As noted in the blog, […]
February 22, 2026

Dismissal Was Not an Implied Ruling on a MD Rule 1-341 Sanctions Motion

Plaintiffs filed a Maryland Rule 1-341 motion for sanctions and an order to docket foreclosure on Defendant’s real property.  Later, they filed a motion for voluntary dismissal.  The motion was granted and the case dismissed without prejudice.  However, the court “never entered an order specifically addressing the motion for sanctions.” Plaintiffs then […]
February 21, 2026

Oral Argument in the Appellate Court of Maryland in Guthrie v. Vincenti

Generally, I post blogs about e-discovery.  However, I have had the honor of representing the President of the County Council of Harford County, Maryland, in the Circuit Court, and as appellee in the Appellate Court. The appeal centers on the application of Art. XV, §2, of the Maryland Constitution. Under that provision, […]
January 28, 2026

Facial Recognition Technology in Maryland Criminal Cases

Facial Recognition Technology, or “FRT,” is a form of artificial intelligence.  Maryland has cases,  statutes, and procedural rules that govern the use of facial recognition technology in criminal cases. I suggest that they reflect many forward-looking principles governing admissibility, and may have persuasive applicability far beyond their circumscribed context. I have posted […]
January 27, 2026

“I Will Supplement Later” Does Not Answer an Interrogatory.

Succinctly stated: In response to Plaintiff’s Motion [to Compel], Defendant advised the Court that documents describing the coverage determination would be produced in the future….  “[S]tating one will ‘supplement’ at a later date does not amount to an initial response to a request for information but rather, is an attempt to subvert […]
August 30, 2025

Discovery of Search Terms & Ephemeral Signal Messages – It Has Not Yet Ended “With Us”

Lively v. Wayfarer Studios LLC, 2025 WL 2463633 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 27, 2025) continues to generate discovery opinions.  Two out of several issues in the latest decision center on: (1) reciprocal discovery of search terms; and, (2) discovery of Signal messages. In brief summary, “Lively, 37, has accused Baldoni, 41, of sexual harassment […]
August 27, 2025

When Does a Final Judgment Constitute Denial of a Motion That Was Not Expressly Denied?

Mr. Escobar-Salmeron sued several correctional officers alleging excessive force. Defendants moved for summary judgment. Plaintiff filed a Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(d) motion[1] for more time to conduct discovery before responding to the summary judgment motion.  The district court did not rule on the plaintiff’s Rule 56(d) motion, but granted a final summary judgment for […]
August 23, 2025

Defendants’ Violation of Scheduling Order Did Not Support Exclusionary Sanctions

Two weeks before trial, the defense disclosed an expert opinion: “Mr. Williams [the plaintiff] presents one issue on appeal: whether the circuit court abused its discretion when it denied his motion to strike [defendant] Transdev’s supplemental expert designation.”  Williams v. Transdev Services, Inc., 2025 WL 2416427 (Appl. Ct. Md. Aug. 21, 2025)(unreported).[1] […]
August 16, 2025

Pro Se Status & ADA Accommodation Were Not a Shield Against Game-Ending Sanction

A pro se litigant unsuccessfully argued that (1) as a pro se litigant, she should not have been required to timely comply with all the rules; and, (2) she had requested and received an accommodation under the Americans with Disabilities Act to take “as much time as needed….”  Chieffallo v. Morgan Properties […]
July 28, 2025

Do You Know About the “Touhy” Regulations?

Padre v. MVM, Inc., 2025 WL 202303 (S.D. Cal. Jul. 17, 2025), applies the “Touhy” Regulations to a federal subpoena directed to a government contractor. Plaintiffs filed this action on July 23, 2024, on behalf of themselves and a class of similarly situated people, alleging that Defendant violated Plaintiffs’ constitutional rights and […]
May 27, 2025

Sanctions for Failure to Comply With a Scheduling Order That Set Discovery Milestones

While the facts were somewhat unique and egregious, in Little v. Hyde, 2025 WL 79685 (Appl. Ct. Md. Jan. 13, 2025)(unreported),[1] sanctions were imposed for failure to comply with discovery milestones in a scheduling order. Mr. Little sued Ms. Hyde and others for an auto tort.  However, he failed to comply with […]
April 6, 2025

Ultimate Sanction Imposed for Discovery Violations

In Harrison v. The Johns Hopkins Hospital, et al., 2025 WL 999617 (Appl. Ct. Md. Apr. 3, 2025) (per curiam), the intermediate appellate court affirmed a dismissal with prejudice in consolidated cases due to discovery violations. Defendants’ motion to compel discovery was granted on March 28, 2024.  Plaintiff was ordered to appear […]
March 3, 2025

JD Supra 2025 Readers’ Choice Top Author Award

It is an honor to receive the JD Supra 2025 Readers’ Choice Top Author Award. JD Supra announced that: “Now in their tenth year, I am thrilled to announce the 2025 JD Supra Readers’ Choice Awards, recognizing 344 authors from among more than 70,000 who published on our platform throughout 2024!”  Meet […]
January 7, 2025

Sometimes, I Wonder….

In Howard v. Ashworth, 2024 WL 5264677 (E.D. Wis. Dec. 31, 2024), an inmate sued correctional officers from Waupun Correctional Institution for allegedly intercepting his correspondence based on a retaliatory motive. The court held that a party need not show that litigation was anticipated when the party is actually in litigation. The […]
December 21, 2024

My Most Interesting Blogs From 2024

Last December, I posted My Top Blogs From 2023.  While there is still a bit left of 2024, some my most interesting 2024 blogs are: “ESI Protocol” v. “Discovery Plan” The ESI Protocol: Your Word is Your Bond… Or, Is It? 8 Lessons Learned – Part I – The “Humpty Dumpty” Clause […]
December 16, 2024

Two Recent Decisions Imposing Sanctions for Discovery Failures

In Etame v. Nguh, 2024 WL 5102931 (Apl. Ct. Md. Dec. 13, 2024)(unreported), and Benton v. Hartley Hall Nursing & Rehabilitation Ctr., Inc., 2024 WL 4890854 (Apl. Ct. Md. Nov. 26, 2024)(unreported), dismissals for discovery violations were affirmed. ETAME Etame arose out of a trustees sale of real property.  During a partition […]
June 20, 2024

Sometimes Discovery Disputes Do Not Bring Out the Best in Us – Part II

It is not auspicious when a court writes: “The court notes that, from time to time, in contentious cases like this one, courts have ordered that the parties record – by video or court reporter – their Local Rule 37.2 meet-and-confer sessions for the court’s review. Given the history of this case, […]
June 4, 2024

Presentation to Maryland Judicial College

It was an honor to be part of a presentation on “Social Media in Litigation” to the Maryland Judicial College today, together with The Hon. Paul W. Grimm (ret.), Magistrate Connie Marvel of Wicomico County, Craig Ball, Esq., my co-professor, Alicia L. Shelton, Esq., and Ms. Ashley Aranega.  The program lasted most […]
May 27, 2024

Memorial Day

Died April 24, 1973. James Brown, Don Persinger, Alan Mandes. Never forgotten.  On Memorial Day, let’s remember what is important.
May 10, 2024

An Epilog:  4 Things You Never Wanted to Hear + 8 Lessons & a Dispute Over Revealing Recipients of Litigation Hold Notices, All in One Case

I have posted five blogs – – with links below – – on In Re: Social Media Adolescent Addiction/Personal Injury Products Liability Litigation, 2024 WL 1786293 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 20, 2024), subsequent opinion, 2024 WL 1808607 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 25, 2024). I did not, and could not, touch on every issue addressed […]
May 4, 2024

4 Things You Never Wanted to Hear + 8 Lessons & a Dispute Over Revealing Recipients of Litigation Hold Notices, All in One Case

  In one of the opening paragraphs of In Re: Social Media Adolescent Addiction/Personal Injury Products Liability Litigation, 2024 WL 1786293, at *1 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 20, 2024), the court wrote: At the hearing, the Court expressed its disappointment as to the excessively large number of disputes regarding ESI issues that remained, […]
November 17, 2023

When is an Expunged Criminal Case Not Expunged and Discoverable in Civil Litigation?

In an unreported decision, In re Francis A., 2023 WL 5948060, at *1 (Apls. Ct. Md. Sept. 13, 2023), Maryland’s intermediate appellate court addressed an issue of first impression, holding that good cause had been shown to discover expunged records in a civil lawsuit: The narrow issue before us in this expedited […]
March 13, 2023

Should an ESI Protocol Be Incorporated Into a Court Order?

There is a lot of debate over whether an ESI Protocol should be incorporated into a court order; however, the decision may be unimportant as a practical matter. In McCormick & Co., Inc. v. Ryder Integrated Logistics, Inc., 2023 WL 2433902 (D. Md. March 9, 2023), the parties did not incorporate their […]
January 13, 2023

Martindale-Hubbell AV Preeminent Rating – 2023

It is an honor to again receive an AV Preeminent rating from Martindale-Hubbell.
December 22, 2022

A Rose by Any Other Name?

The voters of Maryland passed a Constitutional Amendment changing the name of the Court of Appeals of Maryland to the “Supreme Court of Maryland.”  It also changed the name of the Court of Special Appeals to the “Appellate Court of Maryland.” The Standing Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure issued a […]
August 6, 2022

Maryland’s Special Rule for Discovery Sanctions in Child Custody Cases

In Kadish v. Kadish, 254 Md. App. 467 (2022), the Court was faced with egregious discovery violations in a child custody case.  Stated simply, the child’s mother failed or refused to provide discovery responses several times, failed to appear for depositions on three separate occasions, and also violated a series of escalating […]